Ankle sprain:

ANKLE SPRAIN

IT'S A COMMON INJURY IN SPORTS.ITS INJURY OF LIGAMENTS OF ANKLE JOINT.

CLINICAL FEATURES: PAIN, TENDERNESS,SWELLING OVER THE AFFECTED LIGAMENT.

GRADING OF ANKLE SPRAIN.

GRADE 1: NO LAXITY, MINIMAL PAIN MILD SWELLING.

GRADE 2: MILD TO MODERATE LAXITY,SOFT TISSUE SWELLING,ANTERIOR DRAWER AND TALAR TILT IS SLIGHTLY POSITIVE.

GRADE 3: SEVERE SWELLING AND PAIN, THE ANTERIOR DRAWER AND TALAR TILT TEST ARE HIGHLY POSITIVE.

TREATMENT:

• 
  
• 
  
• COMPRESSION BANDAGING
•  REST
• ICE THERAPY
• LIMB ELEVATION
• ACTIVE TOE EXERCISES
• CAST BRACING
• STRAPPING

TENOSYNOVITIS

THESE ARE THE INFECTION AN ARE DUE TO  INFECTION OF FIBROUS SHEATH AND SYNOVIAL LINING  OF THE FLEXOR TENDON OF THE HAND.

PATIENT COMPLAN OF PAIN, SWELLING, AND THE AFFECTED FINGER IS MOTIONLESS.ACTIVE OR PASSIVE EXTENSION OF THE FINGER IS VERY PAINFUL.

TREATMENT:

ANTIBIOTICS

PHYSIO TREATMENT INCLUDE 

HAND PASSIVE STRETCHIG

• SWD
• ULTRASOUND
• MOBILIZATION

DE QUERVAIN'S DISEASE AND TRIGGER FINGER

BOTH ARE TENOSYNOVITIS IN WHICH THE SHEATH OF THE FLEXOR TENDON THICKENS APPARENTLY SPONTANEOUSLY SO AS TO ENTRAP THE TENDON.

ITS EXACT CAUSE IS NOT KNOWN.

PAIN AND LIMITATION OF MOVEMENTS OF THE INVOLVED TENDONS ARE THE PRESENTING FEATURES.

IN DE QUERVAIN'S DISEASE TENDON OF THE ABDUCTOR POLLICIS LONGUS AND EXTENSOR POLLICIS BREVIS TENDONS AT THE WRIST ARE INVOLVED.

TRIGGER FINGER OCCURS AT HE RETINACULAE OF THE FLEXOR TENDONS OF THE FINGER AND THUMB.

TREATMENT:

REST,NASAIDS,LOCAL INFILTRATION OF HYDROCORTISON AND PHYSIOTHERAPY TREATMENT.

PHYSIOTHERAPY TREATMENT INCLUDE 

• CRYOTHERAPY,THERMOTHERAPY
• TENS,ULTRASOUND,SWD
• SPLINTING OF THE WRIST I FUNCTIONAL POSITION
• ACTIVE PASSIVE EXERCISES.
• FRICTION MASSAGE TO THE FINGERS
• PARAFFIN WAX BATH

OSTEOPOROSIS

IT IS A GENERIC TERM REFERRING TO A STATE OF DECREASED MASS PER UNIT VOLUME OF A NORMALLY MINERALISED BONE DUE TO LOSS OF BONE PROTEINS.

IT IS THE MOST COMMON SKELETAL DISORDER NEXT ONLY TO ARTHRITIS.

CAUSES:

1. DISUSE
2. DIET
3. DRUGS WHOSE PROLONGED USE CAUSES OSTEOPOROSIS
4. IDIOPATHIC
5. GENETIC
6. NEOPLASM
7. ENDOCRINE ABNORMALITIES

TREATMENT:

• HIGH PROTEIN AND CALCIUM RICH DIET
• REST,ANALGESIC AND ANTI INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
• MUSCLE RELAXANTS AND SUPPORTS LIKE BELTS COLLAR ETC.
• SPINAL ORTHOSIS

Scoliosis

SCOLIOSIS

IT'S A SIDEWAYS CURVATURE OF THE SPINE. THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF CURVATURE STRUCTURAL AND NON-STRUCTURAL SCOLIOSIS.

STRUCTURAL SCOLIOSIS IS A PERMANENT DEFORMITY. AND NON-STRUCTURAL SCOLIOSIS IS MOBILE AND TRANSIENT.

IT'S A LATERAL CURVATURE OF THE SPINE. THIS IS CALLED THE PRIMARY CURVE. THE SPINE ABOVE AND BELOW THE PRIMARY CURVE UNDERGOES COMPENSATORY CURVES TO THE OPPOSITE SIDE. LATERAL ROTATION OF THE VERTEBRAE ALSO OCCURS.

TREATMENT

TREATMENT CONSISTS OF OPERATIVE AND NON-OPERATIVE TREATMENT.

NON-OPERATIVE TREATMENT CONSISTS OF EXERCISE AND BRACES.

FROZEN SHOULDER

IT IS THE DISEASE OF UNKNOWN AETIOLOGY WHERE GLENO HUMERAL JOINT BECOMES PAINFUL AND STIFF.

IN EARLY STAGES PAIN IS WORSE AT NIGHT AND STIFFNESS LIMITED TO ABDUCTION AND INTERNAL ROTATION OF THE SHOULDER.LATER THE PAIN IS PRESENT AT ALL THE MOVEMENTS OF THE SHOULDER ARE SEVERELY LIMITED.

THE DISEASE IS COMMONER IN DIABETICS.

TREATMENT: ITS A SELF LIMITING DISEASE LASTING FOR 6 TO 9 MONTHS,AFTER WHICH IN MOST CASES INFLAMMATION SUBSIDES ,LEAVING A STIFF BUT PAINLESS SHOULDER.TREATMENT IS BY ANALGESIC ,HOT WATER FOMENTATION ND PHYSIOTHERAPY

CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROM

ITS A SYNDROME CHARACTERIZED BY THE COMPRESSION OF THE MEDIAN NERVE AS IT PASSES BENEATH THE FLEXOR RETINACULUM.

CAUSES: ANY SPACE OCCUPYING LESION OF CARPAL TUNNEL MAY BE RESPONSIBLE.

 OTHER COMMON CAUSES INCLUDE INFLAMMATORY CAUSES LIKE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS,POST TRAUMATIC CAUSES LIKE BONE THICKNING AFTER COLLE'S FRACTURE,ENDOCRINE CAUSES LIKE MYXOEDEMA AND ACROMEGALY, AND IDIOPATHIC CAUSE.

GENERALLY OCCURS IN MIDDLE AGED WOMEN. MAIN SYMPTOMS ARE TINGLING AND NUMBNESS IN THE THUMB AND RADIAL ONE AND HALF FINGERS.

TENNIS ELBOW: IT IS THE CONDITION CHARACTERIZED BY PAIN AND TENDERNESS AT THE LATER EPICONDYLE OF  HUMERUS.
PAIN AND TENDERNESS ARE MAIN SIGNS BECAUSE OF THE INFLAMMATION AT THE ORIGIN OF THE EXTENSOR MUSCLES OF THE FOREARM.
ACTIVITIES SUCH AS SQUEEZING CLOTHES,CARRYING A SUITCASE ETC. ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR THIS CONDITION.
SOMETIMES THIS CONDITION IS SEEN IN TENNIS PLAYERS.
WHEN EXTENSOR TENDON IS STRETCHED THE PAIN IS AGGRAVATED.

Tennis elbow affects 1% to 3% of the population overall and as many as 50% of tennis players during their careers. Less than 5% of all tennis elbow diagnoses are related to actually playing tennis.

Tennis elbow affects men more than women. It most often affects people between the ages of 30 and 50, although people of any age can be affected.
TREATMENT: REST
                      ICE APPLICATION
                      MEDICATION(ANTI INFLAMMATORY ANTI ANALGESIC DRUG LIKE IBUPROFEN)
                      HYDROCORTISON INJECTION
                       PHYSIO TREATMENT LIKE ULTRASOUND THERAPY
                      

Osteoarthritis and physiotherapy treatment :

Physiotherapy Clinic Bapunagar

OSTEOARTHRITIS:

OSTEOARTHRITIS IS COMMON FORM OF ARTHRITIS.IT IS MOST COMMON JOINT DISEASE.IT CAN AFFECT JOINTS LIKE HIP JOINT,HAND,SPINE,KNEE JOINT BUT MOSTLY AFFECT THE KNEE JOINT.
RISK FACTORS:  

1)  OLDER AGE

2)  INJURY           

3)  OVERWEIGHT

SYMPTOMS:

• PAIN
• STIFFNESS
• SWELLING
• CREPITUS
• LOSE OF MOVEMENT
• TENDERNESS

OA KNEE X RAY

ENDS OF JOINTS COVERS WITH CARTILAGES.BECAUSE OF RISK FACTORS BONES LOSS THE CARTILAGES ND SO THAT JOINT SPACE IS REDUCE AND ENDS OF BONES RUB WITH

 EACH OTHER.

TREATMENT: TREATMENT OF OSTEOARTHRITIS MAINLY INCLUDE MEDICINE,EXERCISES AND SURGERY.

PHYSIOTHERAPY TREATMENT IS MOST EFFECTIVE FOR ANY JOINT DISEASE.

IT INCLUDE EXERCISE THERAPY AND ELECTRO THERAPY.

ELECTROTHERAPY LIKE  INTERFERENTIAL CURENT,SHORT WAVE DIATHERMY.

EXERSICES WHICH INCLUDE MAINLY QUADRICEP STRENGTHENING EXERCISE,STRAIGHT LEG RAISING EXERCISE,STATIC QUADRICEPS EXERCISE,ABDUCTOR STRENGTHENING EXERCISES.